System for orchestration of temporary or modular network resources

ABSTRACT

A computer-implemented method includes receiving information associated with a plurality of user equipment, wherein the information comprises location information for each of the plurality of user equipment and receiving information associated with a plurality of base stations. The computer-implemented method further includes analyzing the information associated with the plurality of user equipment or the information associated with the plurality of base stations. The computer-implemented method further includes in response to the analysis, detecting a trigger, wherein the trigger comprises reaching one or more thresholds. The computer-implemented method further includes based on the trigger, sending an alert to one or more of the plurality of user equipment or orchestrating movement of a component of each of the plurality of base stations.

TECHNICAL FIELD

This disclosure is directed to a system and method for network resourcemanagement, and, more specifically, to managing network resourcemovement or redirection to accommodate planned or unplanned networktraffic changes.

BACKGROUND

Service providers are able to provide a broad array of network-basedservices that include video, telephone, cellular, data and otherservices, which require extensive network infrastructure. The wideadoption of mobile devices along with ubiquitous cellular data coveragehas resulted in the unprecedented growth of mobile applications that aredependent on always-accessible wireless networking. The growth in theuse of mobile applications has placed strains on the networkinfrastructure. A strained network infrastructure may result in droppedcalls and poor communication, which may cause user dissatisfaction.

This background information is provided to reveal information believedby the applicant to be of possible relevance. No admission isnecessarily intended, nor should be construed, that any of the precedinginformation constitutes prior art.

SUMMARY

Disclosed herein is a system having one or more processors and a memorycoupled with the one or more processors. The one or more processorseffectuate operations including receiving information associated with aplurality of user equipment, wherein the information comprises locationinformation for each of the plurality of user equipment. The one or moreprocessors further effectuate operations including receiving informationassociated with a plurality of base stations in proximity to theplurality of user equipment. The one or more processors furthereffectuate operations including analyzing the information associatedwith the plurality of user equipment or the information associated withthe plurality of base stations, wherein the analysis of the informationassociated with the plurality of user equipment or the informationassociated with the plurality of base stations is historical or nearreal-time information that uses artificial intelligence. The one or moreprocessors further effectuate operations including in response to theanalysis, detecting a trigger, wherein the trigger comprises reachingone or more thresholds associated with the information associated withthe plurality of user equipment or the information associated with theplurality of base stations. The one or more processors furthereffectuate operations including based on the trigger, sending an alertto one or more of the plurality of user equipment, wherein the alertindicates a modification of a configuration of an antenna of the one ormore of the plurality of user equipment or orchestrating movement of acomponent of each of the plurality of base stations.

Disclosed herein is a computer-implemented method. Thecomputer-implemented method includes receiving information associatedwith a plurality of user equipment, wherein the information compriseslocation information for each of the plurality of user equipment. Thecomputer-implemented method further includes receiving informationassociated with a plurality of base stations in proximity to theplurality of user equipment. The computer-implemented method furtherincludes analyzing the information associated with the plurality of userequipment or the information associated with the plurality of basestations, wherein the analysis of the information associated with theplurality of user equipment or the information associated with theplurality of base stations is historical or near real-time informationthat uses artificial intelligence. The computer-implemented methodfurther includes in response to the analysis, detecting a trigger,wherein the trigger comprises reaching one or more thresholds associatedwith the information associated with the plurality of user equipment orthe information associated with the plurality of base stations. Thecomputer-implemented method further includes based on the trigger,sending an alert to one or more of the plurality of user equipment,wherein the alert indicates a modification of a configuration of anantenna of the one or more of the plurality of user equipment ororchestrating movement of a component of each of the plurality of basestations.

Disclosed herein is a computer-readable storage medium storingexecutable instructions that when executed by a computing device causesaid computing device to effectuate operations including receivinginformation associated with a plurality of user equipment, wherein theinformation comprises location information for each of the plurality ofuser equipment. Operations further include receiving informationassociated with a plurality of base stations in proximity to theplurality of user equipment. Operations further include analyzing theinformation associated with the plurality of user equipment or theinformation associated with the plurality of base stations, wherein theanalysis of the information associated with the plurality of userequipment or the information associated with the plurality of basestations is historical or near real-time information that usesartificial intelligence. Operations further include in response to theanalysis, detecting a trigger, wherein the trigger comprises reachingone or more thresholds associated with the information associated withthe plurality of user equipment or the information associated with theplurality of base stations. Operations further include based on thetrigger, sending an alert to one or more of the plurality of userequipment, wherein the alert indicates a modification of a configurationof an antenna of the one or more of the plurality of user equipment ororchestrating movement of a component of each of the plurality of basestations.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Aspects of the herein described telecommunications network and systemsand methods are described more fully with reference to the accompanyingdrawings, which provide examples. In the following description, forpurposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth inorder to provide an understanding of the variations in implementing thedisclosed technology. However, the instant disclosure may take manydifferent forms and should not be construed as limited to the examplesset forth herein. Where practical, like numbers refer to like elementsthroughout.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an exemplary operating environment inaccordance with the present disclosure;

FIG. 2 is a flowchart of an exemplary method of operation for thearchitecture described in FIG. 1 ;

FIG. 3 is a flowchart of an exemplary method of operation for thearchitecture described in FIG. 1 ;

FIG. 4 is a schematic of an exemplary network device;

FIG. 5 depicts an exemplary communication system that provide wirelesstelecommunication services over wireless communication networks withwhich edge computing node may communicate;

FIG. 6 depicts an exemplary communication system that provide wirelesstelecommunication services over wireless communication networks withwhich edge computing node may communicate; and

FIG. 7 is a diagram of an exemplary telecommunications system in whichthe disclosed methods and processes may be implemented with which edgecomputing node may communicate.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

With the introduction of new telecommunications technologies (e.g., LTE,5G, 6G, Wi-Fi 6, etc.) improving a telecommunications networkinfrastructure to provide new or additional services to users isessential. Accordingly, telecommunications service providers spend alarge amount of effort deciding what regions to prioritize for theplacement of cell sites and other network infrastructure because celltowers and other network infrastructure operations are static in nature(e.g., difficulty or incapable of changing orientation or physicallocation). The static nature of cell sites and other networkinfrastructure complicates managing permanent or temporary networkdemand spikes (e.g., seasonal demand, events, emergencies, new orincreased customer demand at a given location or from a unplanneddirection, etc.) without providing additional cell towers and othernetwork infrastructure to meet the increased demand. Accordingly,because cell towers and other network infrastructure lack theflexibility to adjust to increases in demand, planned or unplanned, thetelecommunications service providers may not provide services tocustomers in a satisfactory manner.

Accordingly, providing cell towers and other network infrastructurecapable of changing physical location or orientation to accommodatepermanent or temporary network demand spikes may be beneficial. Bydetecting and mitigating attacks at or near an entry point to thetelecommunications network, mitigation of attacks on atelecommunications network may be achieved.

The present disclosure includes a system that orchestrates networkresource movement, both routing and physical infrastructure, as well asredirection. Instead of utilizing a static telecommunicationsinfrastructure, the system intelligently may use movement and resourcesplitting within an infrastructure as a backbone (IAB), as well asproviding intelligent navigation, intelligent positioning of celltowers, or other network infrastructure based on coverage oraccessibility. The system may also provide modular components that maybe added to existing cell towers and other network infrastructure thatmay be used to accommodate permanent or temporary network demand spikes.

FIG. 1 illustrates an example telecommunication system 100 that may beutilized to facilitate operational management processes according to anexemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. The telecommunicationsystem 100 may include a telecommunications network 101, a packet corenetwork 102, a network infrastructure system 103, a network performancemonitoring system 105, a network orchestration system 107, or userequipment (UE) 110. As shown in FIG. 1 , UE 110 may request a service,execute an application, perform an operation, provide telephonyservices, messaging services, video services, or the like. As depictedin FIG. 1 , UE 110 may comprise any appropriate type of user equipment,such as, for example, a tablet, personal computer, a laptop computer, ora mobile device, or the like. The UE 110 may include a display 114 and agraphical user interface 112.

UE 110 may gain access to the telecommunications network 101 via anyappropriate mechanism. For example, as depicted in FIG. 1 , access tothe telecommunications network 101 may be provided via the packet core102 and cellular infrastructure (e.g., radio access technology 125(e.g., an LTE RAN, 5G RAN, etc.), Wi-Fi infrastructure, hot spots, orthe like, or any appropriate combination thereof. The packet core 102may be for example, an Evolved Packet Core (EPC) or Common BackBone(CBB).

The network infrastructure system 103 may be a system that collects andstores network infrastructure plans. The network infrastructure plansmay include locations and configurations for one or more network nodes(e.g., one or more cell sites, one or more base stations or networkcomponents). For example, network infrastructure plans may indicate thatthe one or more network nodes are installed on top of a building orstructure (e.g., residential or office). The one or more network nodesmay be installed using a rail, wheel, or other type of movable assemblythereby allowing the one or more network nodes to be movable afterinstallation on top of the building or structure. The configuration ofthe one or more network nodes may be based on, for example, technologiesto be implemented (e.g., 5G NR, LTE, NB-IoT, UMTS, GSM, CDMA, etc.),antenna models, antenna heights, orientation, azimuth, or tilt angles,etc.

The network performance monitoring system 105 may collect networkstatistics (e.g., average signal strength, location, demand,orientation, etc.) from one or more base stations (e.g. cell sites) ornetwork components at a given location. The network statistics collectedmay be utilized to determine whether the given location is underserved,sufficiently served, or overserved. The network performance monitoringsystem 105 may also collect customer data related to mobile applicationusage, mobile device type, or model, etc. The network performancemonitoring system 105 may utilize the network statistics and customerdata to generate network performance data for the given location. Thenetwork performance monitoring system 105 may store the networkperformance data in real-time or over time (e.g., historical data).

The network orchestration system 107 may be a computing device (e.g., aserver), which may be used to determine network infrastructureadjustments based on network infrastructure plans received from thenetwork infrastructure system 103 and network performance data receivedfrom the network performance monitoring system 105 for a given location.The network orchestration system 107 may utilize network node locations,network performance data to adjust or supplement the networkinfrastructure to meet changes in demand at the given location. Forexample, demand at the given location may increase due to an event(e.g., a conference, concert, sporting event, pop up shop, etc.)occurring at the given location. To adjust the network infrastructure,the network orchestration system 107 may communicate with network nodeto change an orientation of the network node to be directed to locationsof increased demand. In instances where changes to the orientation ofnetwork nodes are not possible or not sufficient to meet the increaseddemand, additional infrastructure may be added to the current networkinfrastructures to supplement the current functionality of the currentnetwork infrastructure. For example, the additional infrastructure mayinclude modular network resources which may be network nodes ofdifferent capacities and functionality (e.g. power, throughput, etc.) todynamically connect to available ports of the network infrastructure atthe given location. The modular network resources may include a dronebased node that may attach itself to a network node, a car based nodethat has guidance management for where to drive to provide additionalcoverage, or a ship based node that has guidance management for where totravel to provide additional coverage.

When determining how to adjust the network infrastructure, the networkorchestration system 107 may utilize machine learning to train thenetwork orchestration system 107 to make better adjustments oranticipate adjustments to a given network node. The machine learning mayincorporate reinforcement learning-based tuning. The machine learningmay utilize historical patterns as initial fit, as well as advancedmachine learning techniques (e.g., generative adversarial networks) topropose hybrid structures and evaluate alternative adjustments due topermanent or temporary network demand spikes.

The network orchestration system 107 may use the network infrastructureplans to maintain an automated inventory of available resources andpotential locations using location estimation models (e.g., where peopleare, where potential equipment could go) or a collection of adjacentequipment (e.g., which nodes are fixed, which nodes can be moved, whichnodes are attached to mobile resources (e.g., drones, ships, vehicles,etc.)) have AI-based planning (but also interoperable for operators).

The network orchestration system 107 may also provide network resourcemonitoring, update to node plane orientation, and provide quality ofservice allocations that are dynamic based on instant application needs(e.g. an immediate need for ultra-low latency interactions with otherusers or devices or high bandwidth transfers of complex virtual objectsor visualizations), as well as resource request (e.g., a persistent needchange where one area becomes a hotspot). The network orchestrationsystem 107 may also execute orchestration and real-time changes ofnetwork topology or port usage for active changes based on ephemeralrequirements (e.g., first responder, change of network throughput).

The network orchestration system 107 may perform adjustments to a givennetwork node in telecommunications network 101 to account for planned orunplanned changes in demand. For example, the network orchestrationsystem 107 may perform adjustments for high speed but ephemeral networkneeds (e.g., a first responder response to an emergency),medicine-in-the-field for teleoperations (e.g., remote teleoperations),or temporary hot spot needs for equipment used in down orlow-connectivity areas due to a natural disaster. Additionally, thenetwork orchestration system 107 may perform adjustments for positioningand tracking a ship or platform in ocean or space. Additionally, thenetwork orchestration system 107 may perform adjustments following ahigh/burst event for private communication (e.g. video broadcast at anevent). Additionally, the network orchestration system 107 may performadjustments in response to a gradual migration of network resources.

FIG. 2 illustrates a method of orchestration of temporary and modularnetwork resources within a telecommunications network according one ormore embodiments. A network orchestration system 107 may determinepermanent or temporary network demand for UEs 110 at a given location. Arelay node within the network 101 may provide self-reporting,registration, and capabilities of access points to the networkorchestration system 107. The relay node may be, for example, asimplified version of the radio, a radio tower, or a low maintenanceradio. The network orchestration system 107 may analyze UE movement,cellular infrastructure (e.g., network nodes), or network performance ata given location.

The network orchestration system 107 may perform further analysis of thenetwork 101 at the given location based on historical network demandpatterns determined from machine learning, which may be cyclical orephemeral. The network orchestration system 107 may query a networkinfrastructure (e.g., network 101 or core network 102) for potentialmovement of all connected UEs, load, and potential movement of the radioor towers of the cellular infrastructure 125 in an area, etc., whichcould include queries to other networks connected to network 101. Thenetwork orchestration system 107 may also perform a local fit within acontext. Here, a local fit may be an opportunistic and short-term ornarrow-space optimal configuration of the radio or towers with respectto the network needs. A local fit is in contrast to a larger globaloptimum that may traditionally drive network orchestration and isusually maintained for only short periods of time, both because thelocal optimum may change quickly and because it is not a global optimum.The network orchestration system 107 may also perform prioritynegotiation for a specific need or event (e.g. first responder orspecific QoS). Based on the analysis by the network orchestration system107, the network orchestration system 107 may conduct a networkreconfiguration by instructing one or more relays or one or more adjustin orientation toward a direction at the given location experiencing anincrease network demand. In addition, based on the analysis by thenetwork orchestration system 107, the network orchestration system 107may further conduct a network reconfiguration by dispatching a modularnetwork resource(s), which may connect to a network node at the givenlocation to address a permanent or temporary increase network demand.The cellular infrastructure 125 and network infrastructure may negotiateconnectivity. For example, a backhaul may be connected to the cellularinfrastructure 125, but after adding one or more modular resources (e.g.a drone with additional radios, a mesh network connection to anotherservice provider's network, a short-wave microwave repeater signal, or asecondary connection to a satellite network), the cellularinfrastructure 125 may negotiate to use the modular resources (e.g. thesatellite network) for receipt of a bandwidth multi-cast signal (e.g. an8 k video stream) and utilize the backhaul for local data or voicetransmission. The network orchestration system 107 may receiveinspection data or operator data related to UE operations (e.g.,applications or software running on the UE 110) and demand. For example,the network orchestration system 107 may instruct the cellularinfrastructure 125 to send signaling codes to the UE device 110 toregister or de-register to different radios or towers in the cellularinfrastructure 125 that correspond to planned actions for better UEperformance. In another example, an action from the networkorchestration system 107 for a first portion of the cellularinfrastructure (e.g., a radio or tower) could be rotating 135 degrees tohandle UEs in a different area such that a second portion of thecellular infrastructure (e.g., a different radio or tower from the firstradio or tower) may become an optimal signal source for a UE device 110.Thus, the network orchestration system 107 sends action information toboth first and second radios or towers 125 to register or de-register aspecific UE in the area. The network orchestration system 107 may applymachine learning (e.g., algorithms that build a model based on trainingdata in order to make predictions or decisions without being programmedto do so) to the received inspection data or operator data to train thenetwork orchestration system 107 to make better adjustments oranticipate adjustments to a given network node. The networkorchestration system 107 may receive additional inspection data oroperator data (e.g., data related to past network adjustments to thecellular network infrastructure 125 performed by a technician or thenetwork orchestration system 107, or data related to general networkadjustments) to conduct network node adjustments or to conduct machinelearning.

An exemplary operational flowchart in accordance with a method of thepresent disclosure is illustrated in FIG. 3 , which may be utilized fororchestration of temporary and modular network resources within atelecommunications network according one or more embodiments. At block305, network orchestration system 107 may receive information from aplurality of UE 110. For example, the information received from theplurality of UE may include geographical location information, proximityinformation with respect to other UE 110, wireless standards (e.g.,Wi-Fi, LTE, NR, or Bluetooth), antenna types, UE type, UE model,operating system for the UE, minimum throughput for each of theplurality of UE 110, application information for each UE 110 (e.g., typeof application running on the UE (e.g., audio, video, email, etc.),quality of service requirement of application, minimum bandwidththreshold or preferred bandwidth threshold while using each applicationon the UE). At block 310, network orchestration system 107 may receiveinformation from a plurality of network nodes. For example, theinformation may include a type for each of the plurality of networknodes (e.g., base stations), available bandwidth of each of theplurality of network nodes, location for each of the plurality ofnetwork nodes, radio coverage of each of the plurality of network nodes,component movement capability of each of the plurality of network nodes,network node movement capability for each of the plurality of networknodes, in which a subset of the plurality of network nodes may includedrones or internet of things (IoT) devices.

At block 315, the network orchestration system 107 may analyze theinformation received from the plurality of UE 110 or the plurality ofnetwork nodes to determine a demand. At block 320, the networkorchestration system 107 may detect a trigger indicating reaching one ormore thresholds associated with the information associated with theplurality of UE 110 or the plurality of network nodes. The one or morethresholds may be based on permanent or temporary network demand spikes.

At block 325, the network orchestration system 107 may determine whetherthe one or more thresholds have been reached. If the one or morethresholds have been reached, the method proceeds to block 330, wherethe network orchestration system 107 may send an alert to one or more ofthe plurality of UE 110 indicating a modification of a configuration ofan antenna of the one or more of the plurality of UE 110 or orchestratemovement of a component of each of the plurality of network nodes,movement of each of the plurality of network nodes, or configuration ofan antenna of the one or more of the plurality of UE 110. If the one ormore thresholds have not been reached, the method returns to block 305.

Accordingly, the present disclosure provides a system to orchestratenetwork resource movement, for routing or physical infrastructure, aswell as redirection. The system may use movement and resource splitsamong infrastructure as a backbone and relays, including navigation andpositioning of radios with respect to coverage and accessibility. Thesystem may further utilize modular components usage via recruitment ofin-place static ports and mobile or variant radio connectors. The systemmay further provide analytics for small events (emergency response),personalized needs, private needs, etc.

The system may determine network needs based on user equipment at agiven location and determine an available radio catalog and networkaccess points. The determination may be based on static radios andresource access points, available actors (e.g. movement capabilities)that can modularize the components of radio, necessary network resources(bandwidth, available spectrum, power), etc.

The system may generate and provide analytics for movement and radiocoverage including, for example, bootstrap analysis by comparing againsthistorical examples (e.g., mapping need to context (e.g. aerial,over-sea, crowded, urban, etc.)). The system may also provide a coarseorchestration plan (e.g., target location coverage, modular needs, userneeds). The analytics may account for ephemeral network needs, cyclic,or periodic. The analytics may be used to determine available resourcemovements (e.g. slight, servo-based radio plane rotation, etc.) orresource connectivity options (e.g., drone, vehicle, boat, etc.). Theanalytics may be used to determine a local model fit or optimization fora current context, which may be dependent on either manual input orautomated/historical determinations. The analytics may be optimized forspeed, throughput, cost, etc. The optimization may be customer or needspecific, as well as bias orchestration choices.

The system may orchestrate separation or joining of differentcomponents. The separation or joining of different components mayinvolve using non-radio components (e.g. drones, IoT, moving servos,etc.), using separate radio components, attaching components toinfrastructure where necessary (e.g., trigger relay or IABconfigurations). The separation or joining of different components mayfurther involve mounting and navigating radio components to locations,establishing local state control for components, as well as trackingother network components. The system may provide movement plans orlocation plans for inspection (e.g. a heatmap of planned or currentcoverage, as well as network resources).

The system may provide continuous tracking and update of distributionincluding high frequency logging of performance and action choice forsubsequent learning, local adaptation of strategy with existingcomponents, or one or more alternate radio methods (e.g. WiFi, cell,Bluetooth, satellite, infrared, etc.) may be utilized without requiringadditional physical components. The system may provide post-mortemlearning of events and structures including rebuild models for real-time(“continuous tracking”) or preemptive movement (“orchestration”) systemactions, as well as intelligently request additional hardware ordeployment to defray future needs automatically.

Accordingly, the system disclosed herein provides an orchestration thatarranges dynamic network structures, like UAV-based or ocean-of-thingsdeployments for ephemeral and needs-based placement of networkstructures. The system disclosed herein may be modular in order to allowa more agile response to resource needs and defray some costs by reusingpre-built (but not static/fixed) infrastructure buildout. The systemdisclosed herein may accommodate both short-term network spikes (e.g.high bandwidth video need by small cluster of UEs) as well asmedium-term traffic changes (e.g. move to urbanized video instead ofmostly cell/text communications) with minimal operator inspection orre-planning. The system disclosed herein may provide a fasternetwork-driven response to disaster situations. The system disclosedherein may utilize long-term pattern-based storage and learning ofutilized network configuration and topology, which may be used asgeneralized practices (e.g. tops of buildings are not good fordirectional radios) that can be utilized elsewhere by operators orautomation in resource orchestration.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram of network device 300 that may be associatedwith equipment of FIG. 1 through FIG. 3 . Network device 300 maycomprise hardware or a combination of hardware and software. Thefunctionality to facilitate telecommunications via a telecommunicationsnetwork may reside in one or combination of network devices 300. Networkdevice 300 depicted in FIG. 4 may represent or perform functionality ofan appropriate network device 300, or combination of network devices300, such as, for example, a component or various components of acellular broadcast system wireless network, a processor, a server, agateway, a node, a mobile switching center (MSC), a short messageservice center (SMSC), an ALFS, a gateway mobile location center (GMLC),a radio access network (RAN), a serving mobile location center (SMLC),or the like, or any appropriate combination thereof. It is emphasizedthat the block diagram depicted in FIG. 4 is exemplary and not intendedto imply a limitation to a specific implementation or configuration.Thus, network device 300 may be implemented in a single device ormultiple devices (e.g., single server or multiple servers, singlegateway or multiple gateways, single controller, or multiplecontrollers). Multiple network entities may be distributed or centrallylocated. Multiple network entities may communicate wirelessly, via hardwire, or any appropriate combination thereof.

Network device 300 may comprise a processor 302 and a memory 304 coupledto processor 302. Memory 304 may contain executable instructions that,when executed by processor 302, cause processor 302 to effectuateoperations associated with mapping wireless signal strength.

In addition to processor 302 and memory 304, network device 300 mayinclude an input/output system 306. Processor 302, memory 304, andinput/output system 306 may be coupled together (coupling not shown inFIG. 4 ) to allow communications therebetween. Each portion of networkdevice 300 may comprise circuitry for performing functions associatedwith each respective portion. Thus, each portion may comprise hardware,or a combination of hardware and software. Input/output system 306 maybe capable of receiving or providing information from or to acommunications device or other network entities configured fortelecommunications. For example, input/output system 306 may include awireless communications (e.g., 3G/4G/GPS) card. Input/output system 306may be capable of receiving or sending video information, audioinformation, control information, image information, data, or anycombination thereof. Input/output system 306 may be capable oftransferring information with network device 300. In variousconfigurations, input/output system 306 may receive or provideinformation via any appropriate means, such as, for example, opticalmeans (e.g., infrared), electromagnetic means (e.g., RF, Wi-Fi,Bluetooth®, ZigBee®), acoustic means (e.g., speaker, microphone,ultrasonic receiver, ultrasonic transmitter), or a combination thereof.In an example configuration, input/output system 306 may comprise aWi-Fi finder, a two-way GPS chipset or equivalent, or the like, or acombination thereof.

Input/output system 306 of network device 300 also may contain acommunication connection 308 that allows network device 300 tocommunicate with other devices, network entities, or the like.Communication connection 308 may comprise communication media.Communication media typically embody computer-readable instructions,data structures, program modules or other data in a modulated datasignal such as a carrier wave or other transport mechanism and includesany information delivery media. By way of example, and not limitation,communication media may include wired media such as a wired network ordirect-wired connection, or wireless media such as acoustic, RF,infrared, or other wireless media. The term computer-readable media asused herein includes both storage media and communication media.Input/output system 306 also may include an input device 310 such askeyboard, mouse, pen, voice input device, or touch input device.Input/output system 306 may also include an output device 312, such as adisplay, speakers, or a printer.

Processor 302 may be capable of performing functions associated withtelecommunications, such as functions for processing broadcast messages,as described herein. For example, processor 302 may be capable of, inconjunction with any other portion of network device 300, determining atype of broadcast message and acting according to the broadcast messagetype or content, as described herein.

Memory 304 of network device 300 may comprise a storage medium having aconcrete, tangible, physical structure. As is known, a signal does nothave a concrete, tangible, physical structure. Memory 304, as well asany computer-readable storage medium described herein, is not to beconstrued as a signal. Memory 304, as well as any computer-readablestorage medium described herein, is not to be construed as a transientsignal. Memory 304, as well as any computer-readable storage mediumdescribed herein, is not to be construed as a propagating signal. Memory304, as well as any computer-readable storage medium described herein,is to be construed as an article of manufacture.

Memory 304 may store any information utilized in conjunction withtelecommunications. Depending upon the exact configuration or type ofprocessor, memory 304 may include a volatile storage 314 (such as sometypes of RAM), a nonvolatile storage 316 (such as ROM, flash memory), ora combination thereof. Memory 304 may include additional storage (e.g.,a removable storage 318 or a nonremovable storage 320) including, forexample, tape, flash memory, smart cards, CD-ROM, DVD, or other opticalstorage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage orother magnetic storage devices, USB-compatible memory, or any othermedium that can be used to store information and that can be accessed bynetwork device 300. Memory 304 may comprise executable instructionsthat, when executed by processor 302, cause processor 302 to effectuateoperations to map signal strengths in an area of interest.

FIG. 5 illustrates a functional block diagram depicting one example ofan LTE-EPS network architecture 400 related to the current disclosure.In particular, the network architecture 400 disclosed herein is referredto as a modified LTE-EPS architecture 400 to distinguish it from atraditional LTE-EPS architecture.

An example modified LTE-EPS architecture 400 is based at least in parton standards developed by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP),with information available at www.3gpp.org. In one embodiment, theLTE-EPS network architecture 400 includes an access network 402, a corenetwork 404, e.g., an EPC or Common BackBone (CBB) and one or moreexternal networks 406, sometimes referred to as PDN or peer entities.Different external networks 406 can be distinguished from each other bya respective network identifier, e.g., a label according to DNS namingconventions describing an access point to the PDN. Such labels can bereferred to as Access Point Names (APN). External networks 406 caninclude one or more trusted and non-trusted external networks such as aninternet protocol (IP) network 408, an IP multimedia subsystem (IMS)network 410, and other networks 412, such as a service network, acorporate network, or the like.

Access network 402 can include an LTE network architecture sometimesreferred to as Evolved Universal mobile Telecommunication systemTerrestrial Radio Access (E UTRA) and evolved UMTS Terrestrial RadioAccess Network (E-UTRAN). Broadly, access network 402 can include one ormore communication devices, commonly referred to as UE 414, and one ormore wireless access nodes, or base stations 416 a, 416 b. Duringnetwork operations, at least one base station 416 communicates directlywith UE 414. Base station 416 can be an evolved Node B (eNodeB), withwhich UE 414 communicates over the air and wirelessly. UEs 414 caninclude, without limitation, wireless devices, e.g., satellitecommunication systems, portable digital assistants (PDAs), laptopcomputers, tablet devices, Internet-of-things (IoT) devices, and othermobile devices (e.g., cellular telephones, smart appliances, and so on).UEs 414 can connect to eNBs 416 when UE 414 is within range according toa corresponding wireless communication technology.

UE 414 generally runs one or more applications that engage in a transferof packets between UE 414 and one or more external networks 406. Suchpacket transfers can include one of downlink packet transfers fromexternal network 406 to UE 414, uplink packet transfers from UE 414 toexternal network 406 or combinations of uplink and downlink packettransfers. Applications can include, without limitation, web browsing,VoIP, streaming media, and the like. Each application can pose differentQuality of Service (QoS) requirements on a respective packet transfer.Different packet transfers can be served by different bearers withincore network 404, e.g., according to parameters, such as the QoS.

Core network 404 uses a concept of bearers, e.g., EPS bearers, to routepackets, e.g., IP traffic, between a particular gateway in core network404 and UE 414. A bearer refers generally to an IP packet flow with adefined QoS between the particular gateway and UE 414. Access network402, e.g., E UTRAN, and core network 404 together set up and releasebearers as required by the various applications. Bearers can beclassified in at least two different categories: (i) minimum guaranteedbit rate bearers, e.g., for applications, such as VoIP; and (ii)non-guaranteed bit rate bearers that do not require guarantee bit rate,e.g., for applications, such as web browsing.

In one embodiment, the core network 404 includes various networkentities, such as MME 418, SGW 420, Home Subscriber Server (HSS) 422,Policy and Charging Rules Function (PCRF) 424 and PGW 426. In oneembodiment, MME 418 comprises a control node performing a controlsignaling between various equipment and devices in access network 402and core network 404. The protocols running between UE 414 and corenetwork 404 are generally known as Non-Access Stratum (NAS) protocols.

For illustration purposes only, the terms MME 418, SGW 420, HSS 422 andPGW 426, and so on, can be server devices, but may be referred to in thesubject disclosure without the word “server.” It is also understood thatany form of such servers can operate in a device, system, component, orother form of centralized or distributed hardware and software. It isfurther noted that these terms and other terms such as bearer paths orinterfaces are terms that can include features, methodologies, or fieldsthat may be described in whole or in part by standards bodies such asthe 3GPP. It is further noted that some or all embodiments of thesubject disclosure may in whole or in part modify, supplement, orotherwise supersede final or proposed standards published andpromulgated by 3GPP.

According to traditional implementations of LTE-EPS architectures, SGW420 routes and forwards all user data packets. SGW 420 also acts as amobility anchor for user plane operation during handovers between basestations, e.g., during a handover from first eNB 416 a to second eNB 416b as may be the result of UE 414 moving from one area of coverage, e.g.,cell, to another. SGW 420 can also terminate a downlink data path, e.g.,from external network 406 to UE 414 in an idle state and trigger apaging operation when downlink data arrives for UE 414. SGW 420 can alsobe configured to manage and store a context for UE 414, e.g., includingone or more of parameters of the IP bearer service and network internalrouting information. In addition, SGW 420 can perform administrativefunctions, e.g., in a visited network, such as collecting informationfor charging (e.g., the volume of data sent to or received from theuser), or replicate user traffic, e.g., to support a lawfulinterception. SGW 420 also serves as the mobility anchor forinterworking with other 3GPP technologies such as universal mobiletelecommunication system (UMTS).

At any given time, UE 414 is generally in one of three different states:detached, idle, or active. The detached state is typically a transitorystate in which UE 414 is powered on but is engaged in a process ofsearching and registering with network 402. In the active state, UE 414is registered with access network 402 and has established a wirelessconnection, e.g., radio resource control (RRC) connection, with eNB 416.Whether UE 414 is in an active state can depend on the state of a packetdata session, and whether there is an active packet data session. In theidle state, UE 414 is generally in a power conservation state in whichUE 414 typically does not communicate packets. When UE 414 is idle, SGW420 can terminate a downlink data path, e.g., from one peer entity 406,and triggers paging of UE 414 when data arrives for UE 414. If UE 414responds to the page, SGW 420 can forward the IP packet to eNB 416 a.

HSS 422 can manage subscription-related information for a user of UE414. For example, HSS 422 can store information such as authorization ofthe user, security requirements for the user, quality of service (QoS)requirements for the user, etc. HSS 422 can also hold information aboutexternal networks 406 to which the user can connect, e.g., in the formof an APN of external networks 406. For example, MME 418 can communicatewith HSS 422 to determine if UE 414 is authorized to establish a call,e.g., a voice over IP (VoIP) call before the call is established.

PCRF 424 can perform QoS management functions and policy control. PCRF424 is responsible for policy control decision-making, as well as forcontrolling the flow-based charging functionalities in a policy controlenforcement function (PCEF), which resides in PGW 426. PCRF 424 providesthe QoS authorization, e.g., QoS class identifier and bit rates thatdecide how a certain data flow will be treated in the PCEF and ensuresthat this is in accordance with the user's subscription profile.

PGW 426 can provide connectivity between the UE 414 and one or more ofthe external networks 406. In illustrative network architecture 400, PGW426 can be responsible for IP address allocation for UE 414, as well asone or more of QoS enforcement and flow-based charging, e.g., accordingto rules from the PCRF 424. PGW 426 is also typically responsible forfiltering downlink user IP packets into the different QoS-based bearers.In at least some embodiments, such filtering can be performed based ontraffic flow templates. PGW 426 can also perform QoS enforcement, e.g.,for guaranteed bit rate bearers. PGW 426 also serves as a mobilityanchor for interworking with non-3GPP technologies such as CDMA2000.

Within access network 402 and core network 404 there may be variousbearer paths/interfaces, e.g., represented by solid lines 428 and 430.Some of the bearer paths can be referred to by a specific label. Forexample, solid line 428 can be considered an S1-U bearer and solid line432 can be considered an S5/S8 bearer according to LTE-EPS architecturestandards. Without limitation, reference to various interfaces, such asS1, X2, S5, S8, S11 refer to EPS interfaces. In some instances, suchinterface designations are combined with a suffix, e.g., a “U” or a “C”to signify whether the interface relates to a “User plane” or a “Controlplane.” In addition, the core network 404 can include various signalingbearer paths/interfaces, e.g., control plane paths/interfacesrepresented by dashed lines 430, 434, 436, and 438. Some of thesignaling bearer paths may be referred to by a specific label. Forexample, dashed line 430 can be considered as an S1-MME signalingbearer, dashed line 434 can be considered as an S11 signaling bearer anddashed line 436 can be considered as an S6a signaling bearer, e.g.,according to LTE-EPS architecture standards. The above bearer paths andsignaling bearer paths are only illustrated as examples and it should benoted that additional bearer paths and signaling bearer paths may existthat are not illustrated.

Also shown is a novel user plane path/interface, referred to as theS1-U+ interface 466. In the illustrative example, the S1-U+ user planeinterface extends between the eNB 416 a and PGW 426. Notably, S1-U+path/interface does not include SGW 420, a node that is otherwiseinstrumental in configuring or managing packet forwarding between eNB416 a and one or more external networks 406 by way of PGW 426. Asdisclosed herein, the S1-U+ path/interface facilitates autonomouslearning of peer transport layer addresses by one or more of the networknodes to facilitate a self-configuring of the packet forwarding path. Inparticular, such self-configuring can be accomplished during handoversin most scenarios so as to reduce any extra signaling load on the S/PGWs420, 426 due to excessive handover events.

In some embodiments, PGW 426 is coupled to storage device 440, shown inphantom. Storage device 440 can be integral to one of the network nodes,such as PGW 426, for example, in the form of internal memory or diskdrive. It is understood that storage device 440 can include registerssuitable for storing address values. Alternatively, or in addition,storage device 440 can be separate from PGW 426, for example, as anexternal hard drive, a flash drive, or network storage.

Storage device 440 selectively stores one or more values relevant to theforwarding of packet data. For example, storage device 440 can storeidentities or addresses of network entities, such as any of networknodes 418, 420, 422, 424, and 426, eNBs 416 or UE 414. In theillustrative example, storage device 440 includes a first storagelocation 442 and a second storage location 444. First storage location442 can be dedicated to storing a Currently Used Downlink address value442. Likewise, second storage location 444 can be dedicated to storing aDefault Downlink Forwarding address value 444. PGW 426 can read or writevalues into either of storage locations 442, 444, for example, managingCurrently Used Downlink Forwarding address value 442 and DefaultDownlink Forwarding address value 444 as disclosed herein.

In some embodiments, the Default Downlink Forwarding address for eachEPS bearer is the SGW S5-U address for each EPS Bearer. The CurrentlyUsed Downlink Forwarding address” for each EPS bearer in PGW 426 can beset every time when PGW 426 receives an uplink packet, e.g., a GTP-Uuplink packet, with a new source address for a corresponding EPS bearer.When UE 414 is in an idle state, the “Current Used Downlink Forwardingaddress” field for each EPS bearer of UE 414 can be set to a “null” orother suitable value.

In some embodiments, the Default Downlink Forwarding address is onlyupdated when PGW 426 receives a new SGW S5-U address in a predeterminedmessage or messages. For example, the Default Downlink Forwardingaddress is only updated when PGW 426 receives one of a Create SessionRequest, Modify Bearer Request and Create Bearer Response messages fromSGW 420.

As values 442, 444 can be maintained and otherwise manipulated on a perbearer basis, it is understood that the storage locations can take theform of tables, spreadsheets, lists, or other data structures generallywell understood and suitable for maintaining or otherwise manipulateforwarding addresses on a per bearer basis.

It should be noted that access network 402 and core network 404 areillustrated in a simplified block diagram in FIG. 5 . In other words,either or both of access network 402 and the core network 404 caninclude additional network elements that are not shown, such as variousrouters, switches, and controllers. In addition, although FIG. 5illustrates only a single one of each of the various network elements,it should be noted that access network 402 and core network 404 caninclude any number of the various network elements. For example, corenetwork 404 can include a pool (i.e., more than one) of MMEs 418, SGWs420 or PGWs 426.

In the illustrative example, data traversing a network path between UE414, eNB 416 a, SGW 420, PGW 426 and external network 406 may beconsidered to constitute data transferred according to an end-to-end IPservice. However, for the present disclosure, to properly performestablishment management in LTE-EPS network architecture 400, the corenetwork, data bearer portion of the end-to-end IP service is analyzed.

An establishment may be defined herein as a connection set up requestbetween any two elements within LTE-EPS network architecture 400. Theconnection set up request may be for user data or for signaling. Afailed establishment may be defined as a connection set up request thatwas unsuccessful. A successful establishment may be defined as aconnection set up request that was successful.

In one embodiment, a data bearer portion comprises a first portion(e.g., a data radio bearer 446) between UE 414 and eNB 416 a, a secondportion (e.g., an S1 data bearer 428) between eNB 416 a and SGW 420, anda third portion (e.g., an S5/S8 bearer 432) between SGW 420 and PGW 426.Various signaling bearer portions are also illustrated in FIG. 5 . Forexample, a first signaling portion (e.g., a signaling radio bearer 448)between UE 414 and eNB 416 a, and a second signaling portion (e.g., S1signaling bearer 430) between eNB 416 a and MME 418.

In at least some embodiments, the data bearer can include tunneling,e.g., IP tunneling, by which data packets can be forwarded in anencapsulated manner, between tunnel endpoints. Tunnels, or tunnelconnections can be identified in one or more nodes of network 400, e.g.,by one or more of tunnel endpoint identifiers, an IP address, and a userdatagram protocol port number. Within a particular tunnel connection,payloads, e.g., packet data, which may or may not include protocolrelated information, are forwarded between tunnel endpoints.

An example of first tunnel solution 450 includes a first tunnel 452 abetween two tunnel endpoints 454 a and 456 a, and a second tunnel 452 bbetween two tunnel endpoints 454 b and 456 b. In the illustrativeexample, first tunnel 452 a is established between eNB 416 a and SGW420. Accordingly, first tunnel 452 a includes a first tunnel endpoint454 a corresponding to an S1-U address of eNB 416 a (referred to hereinas the eNB S1-U address), and second tunnel endpoint 456 a correspondingto an S1-U address of SGW 420 (referred to herein as the SGW S1-Uaddress). Likewise, second tunnel 452 b includes first tunnel endpoint454 b corresponding to an S5-U address of SGW 420 (referred to herein asthe SGW S5-U address), and second tunnel endpoint 456 b corresponding toan S5-U address of PGW 426 (referred to herein as the PGW S5-U address).

In at least some embodiments, first tunnel solution 450 is referred toas a two-tunnel solution, e.g., according to the GPRS Tunneling ProtocolUser Plane (GTPv1-U based), as described in 3GPP specification TS29.281, incorporated herein in its entirety. It is understood that oneor more tunnels are permitted between each set of tunnel end points. Forexample, each subscriber can have one or more tunnels, e.g., one foreach PDP context that they have active, as well as possibly havingseparate tunnels for specific connections with different quality ofservice requirements, and so on.

An example of second tunnel solution 458 includes a single or directtunnel 460 between tunnel endpoints 462 and 464. In the illustrativeexample, direct tunnel 460 is established between eNB 416 a and PGW 426,without subjecting packet transfers to processing related to SGW 420.Accordingly, direct tunnel 460 includes first tunnel endpoint 462corresponding to the eNB S1-U address, and second tunnel endpoint 464corresponding to the PGW S5-U address. Packet data received at eitherend can be encapsulated into a payload and directed to the correspondingaddress of the other end of the tunnel. Such direct tunneling avoidsprocessing, e.g., by SGW 420 that would otherwise relay packets betweenthe same two endpoints, e.g., according to a protocol, such as the GTP-Uprotocol.

In some scenarios, direct tunneling solution 458 can forward user planedata packets between eNB 416 a and PGW 426, by way of SGW 420. Forexample, SGW 420 can serve a relay function, by relaying packets betweentwo tunnel endpoints 416 a, 426. In other scenarios, direct tunnelingsolution 458 can forward user data packets between eNB 416 a and PGW426, by way of the S1 U+ interface, thereby bypassing SGW 420.

Generally, UE 414 can have one or more bearers at any one time. Thenumber and types of bearers can depend on applications, defaultrequirements, and so on. It is understood that the techniques disclosedherein, including the configuration, management and use of varioustunnel solutions 450, 458, can be applied to the bearers on anindividual basis. For example, if user data packets of one bearer, say abearer associated with a VoIP service of UE 414, then the forwarding ofall packets of that bearer are handled in a similar manner. Continuingwith this example, the same UE 414 can have another bearer associatedwith it through the same eNB 416 a. This other bearer, for example, canbe associated with a relatively low rate data session forwarding userdata packets through core network 404 simultaneously with the firstbearer. Likewise, the user data packets of the other bearer are alsohandled in a similar manner, without necessarily following a forwardingpath or solution of the first bearer. Thus, one of the bearers may beforwarded through direct tunnel 458; whereas, another one of the bearersmay be forwarded through a two-tunnel solution 450.

FIG. 6 depicts an exemplary diagrammatic representation of a machine inthe form of a computer system 500 within which a set of instructions,when executed, may cause the machine to perform any one or more of themethods described above. One or more instances of the machine canoperate, for example, as processor 302, UE 414, eNB 416, MME 418, SGW420, HSS 422, PCRF 424, PGW 426 and other devices of FIGS. 1-4 . In someembodiments, the machine may be connected (e.g., using a network 502) toother machines. In a networked deployment, the machine may operate inthe capacity of a server or a client user machine in a server-clientuser network environment, or as a peer machine in a peer-to-peer (ordistributed) network environment.

The machine may comprise a server computer, a client user computer, apersonal computer (PC), a tablet, a smart phone, a laptop computer, adesktop computer, a control system, a network router, switch or bridge,or any machine capable of executing a set of instructions (sequential orotherwise) that specify actions to be taken by that machine. It will beunderstood that a communication device of the subject disclosureincludes broadly any electronic device that provides voice, video, ordata communication. Further, while a single machine is illustrated, theterm “machine” shall also be taken to include any collection of machinesthat individually or jointly execute a set (or multiple sets) ofinstructions to perform any one or more of the methods discussed herein.

Computer system 500 may include a processor (or controller) 504 (e.g., acentral processing unit (CPU)), a graphics processing unit (GPU, orboth), a main memory 506 and a static memory 508, which communicate witheach other via a bus 510. The computer system 500 may further include adisplay unit 512 (e.g., a liquid crystal display (LCD), a flat panel, ora solid-state display). Computer system 500 may include an input device514 (e.g., a keyboard), a cursor control device 516 (e.g., a mouse), adisk drive unit 518, a signal generation device 520 (e.g., a speaker orremote control) and a network interface device 522. In distributedenvironments, the embodiments described in the subject disclosure can beadapted to utilize multiple display units 512 controlled by two or morecomputer systems 500. In this configuration, presentations described bythe subject disclosure may in part be shown in a first of display units512, while the remaining portion is presented in a second of displayunits 512.

The disk drive unit 518 may include a tangible computer-readable storagemedium 518 on which is stored one or more sets of instructions (e.g.,software 524) embodying any one or more of the methods or functionsdescribed herein, including those methods illustrated above.Instructions 524 may also reside, completely or at least partially,within main memory 506, static memory 508, or within processor 504during execution thereof by the computer system 500. Main memory 506 andprocessor 504 also may constitute tangible computer-readable storagemedia.

As shown in FIG. 7 , telecommunication system 600 may include wirelesstransmit/receive units (WTRUs) 602, a RAN 604, a core network 606, apublic switched telephone network (PSTN) 608, the Internet 610, or othernetworks 612, though it will be appreciated that the disclosed examplescontemplate any number of WTRUs, base stations, networks, or networkelements. Each WTRU 602 may be any type of device configured to operateor communicate in a wireless environment. For example, a WTRU maycomprise IoT devices 32, mobile devices 33, network device 300, or thelike, or any combination thereof. By way of example, WTRUs 602 may beconfigured to transmit or receive wireless signals and may include a UE,a mobile station, a mobile device, a fixed or mobile subscriber unit, apager, a cellular telephone, a PDA, a smartphone, a laptop, a netbook, apersonal computer, a wireless sensor, consumer electronics, or the like.WTRUs 602 may be configured to transmit or receive wireless signals overan air interface 614.

Telecommunication system 600 may also include one or more base stations616. Each of base stations 616 may be any type of device configured towirelessly interface with at least one of the WTRUs 602 to facilitateaccess to one or more communication networks, such as core network 606,PTSN 608, Internet 610, or other networks 612. By way of example, basestations 616 may be a base transceiver station (BTS), a Node-B, aneNodeB, a Home Node B, a Home eNodeB, a site controller, an access point(AP), a wireless router, or the like. While base stations 616 are eachdepicted as a single element, it will be appreciated that base stations616 may include any number of interconnected base stations or networkelements.

RAN 604 may include one or more base stations 616, along with othernetwork elements (not shown), such as a base station controller (BSC), aradio network controller (RNC), or relay nodes. One or more basestations 616 may be configured to transmit or receive wireless signalswithin a particular geographic region, which may be referred to as acell (not shown). The cell may further be divided into cell sectors. Forexample, the cell associated with base station 616 may be divided intothree sectors such that base station 616 may include three transceivers:one for each sector of the cell. In another example, base station 616may employ multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology and,therefore, may utilize multiple transceivers for each sector of thecell.

Base stations 616 may communicate with one or more of WTRUs 602 over airinterface 614, which may be any suitable wireless communication link(e.g., RF, microwave, infrared (IR), ultraviolet (UV), or visiblelight). Air interface 614 may be established using any suitable radioaccess technology (RAT).

More specifically, as noted above, telecommunication system 600 may be amultiple access system and may employ one or more channel accessschemes, such as CDMA, TDMA, FDMA, OFDMA, SC-FDMA, or the like. Forexample, base station 616 in RAN 604 and WTRUs 602 connected to RAN 604may implement a radio technology such as Universal MobileTelecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) thatmay establish air interface 614 using wideband CDMA (WCDMA). WCDMA mayinclude communication protocols, such as High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA)or Evolved HSPA (HSPA+). HSPA may include High-Speed Downlink PacketAccess (HSDPA) or High-Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA).

As another example base station 616 and WTRUs 602 that are connected toRAN 604 may implement a radio technology such as Evolved UMTSTerrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA), which may establish air interface 614using LTE or LTE-Advanced (LTE-A).

Optionally base station 616 and WTRUs 602 connected to RAN 604 mayimplement radio technologies such as IEEE 602.16 (i.e., WorldwideInteroperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX)), CDMA2000, CDMA2000 1×,CDMA2000 EV-DO, Interim Standard 2000 (IS-2000), Interim Standard 95(IS-95), Interim Standard 856 (IS-856), GSM, Enhanced Data rates for GSMEvolution (EDGE), GSM EDGE (GERAN), or the like.

Base station 616 may be a wireless router, Home Node B, Home eNodeB, oraccess point, for example, and may utilize any suitable RAT forfacilitating wireless connectivity in a localized area, such as a placeof business, a home, a vehicle, a campus, or the like. For example, basestation 616 and associated WTRUs 602 may implement a radio technologysuch as IEEE 602.11 to establish a wireless local area network (WLAN).As another example, base station 616 and associated WTRUs 602 mayimplement a radio technology such as IEEE 602.15 to establish a wirelesspersonal area network (WPAN). In yet another example, base station 616and associated WTRUs 602 may utilize a cellular-based RAT (e.g., WCDMA,CDMA2000, GSM, LTE, LTE-A, etc.) to establish a picocell or femtocell.As shown in FIG. 7 , base station 616 may have a direct connection toInternet 610. Thus, base station 616 may not be required to accessInternet 610 via core network 606.

RAN 604 may be in communication with core network 606, which may be anytype of network configured to provide voice, data, applications, orvoice over internet protocol (VoIP) services to one or more WTRUs 602.For example, core network 606 may provide call control, billingservices, mobile location-based services, pre-paid calling, Internetconnectivity, video distribution or high-level security functions, suchas user authentication. Although not shown in FIG. 7 , it will beappreciated that RAN 604 or core network 606 may be in direct orindirect communication with other RANs that employ the same RAT as RAN604 or a different RAT. For example, in addition to being connected toRAN 604, which may be utilizing an E-UTRA radio technology, core network606 may also be in communication with another RAN (not shown) employinga GSM radio technology.

Core network 606 may also serve as a gateway for WTRUs 602 to accessPSTN 608, Internet 610, or other networks 612. PSTN 608 may includecircuit-switched telephone networks that provide plain old telephoneservice (POTS). For LTE core networks, core network 606 may use IMS core615 to provide access to PSTN 608. Internet 610 may include a globalsystem of interconnected computer networks or devices that use commoncommunication protocols, such as the transmission control protocol(TCP), user datagram protocol (UDP), or IP in the TCP/IP internetprotocol suite. Other networks 612 may include wired or wirelesscommunications networks owned or operated by other service providers.For example, other networks 612 may include another core networkconnected to one or more RANs, which may employ the same RAT as RAN 604or a different RAT.

Some or all WTRUs 602 in telecommunication system 600 may includemulti-mode capabilities. For example, WTRUs 602 may include multipletransceivers for communicating with different wireless networks overdifferent wireless links. For example, one or more WTRUs 602 may beconfigured to communicate with base station 616, which may employ acellular-based radio technology, and with base station 616, which mayemploy an IEEE 802 radio technology.

While examples of described telecommunications system have beendescribed in connection with various computing devices/processors, theunderlying concepts may be applied to any computing device, processor,or system capable of facilitating a telecommunications system. Thevarious techniques described herein may be implemented in connectionwith hardware or software or, where appropriate, with a combination ofboth. Thus, the methods and devices may take the form of program code(i.e., instructions) embodied in concrete, tangible, storage mediahaving a concrete, tangible, physical structure. Examples of tangiblestorage media include floppy diskettes, CD-ROMs, DVDs, hard drives, orany other tangible machine-readable storage medium (computer-readablestorage medium). Thus, a computer-readable storage medium is not asignal. A computer-readable storage medium is not a transient signal.Further, a computer-readable storage medium is not a propagating signal.A computer-readable storage medium as described herein is an article ofmanufacture. When the program code is loaded into and executed by amachine, such as a computer, the machine becomes a device fortelecommunications. In the case of program code execution onprogrammable computers, the computing device will generally include aprocessor, a storage medium readable by the processor (includingvolatile or nonvolatile memory or storage elements), at least one inputdevice, and at least one output device. The program(s) can beimplemented in assembly or machine language, if desired. The languagecan be a compiled or interpreted language and may be combined withhardware implementations.

The methods and devices associated with a telecommunications system asdescribed herein also may be practiced via communications embodied inthe form of program code that is transmitted over some transmissionmedium, such as over electrical wiring or cabling, through fiber optics,or via any other form of transmission, wherein, when the program code isreceived and loaded into and executed by a machine, such as an EPROM, agate array, a programmable logic device (PLD), a client computer, or thelike, the machine becomes an device for implementing telecommunicationsas described herein. When implemented on a general-purpose processor,the program code combines with the processor to provide a unique devicethat operates to invoke the functionality of a telecommunicationssystem.

While a telecommunications system has been described in connection withthe various examples of the various figures, it is to be understood thatother similar implementations may be used, or modifications andadditions may be made to the described examples of a telecommunicationssystem without deviating therefrom. For example, one skilled in the artwill recognize that a telecommunications system as described in theinstant application may apply to any environment, whether wired orwireless, and may be applied to any number of such devices connected viaa communications network and interacting across the network. Therefore,a telecommunications system as described herein should not be limited toany single example, but rather should be construed in breadth and scopein accordance with the appended claims. In addition, the use of the word“or” is generally used inclusively unless otherwise provided herein. Thesteps disclosed herein (e.g., FIG. 2 or FIG. 3 ) may be executed on onedevice or distributed over a plurality of devices.

Methods, systems, and apparatuses, among other things, as describedherein may provide for orchestration of temporary and modular networkresources. A method, system, computer readable storage medium, orapparatus provides for receiving information associated with a pluralityof user equipment, wherein the information comprises locationinformation for each of the plurality of user equipment; receivinginformation associated with a plurality of base stations in proximity tothe plurality of user equipment; analyzing the information associatedwith the plurality of user equipment or the information associated withthe plurality of base stations, wherein the analysis of the informationassociated with the plurality of user equipment or the informationassociated with the plurality of base stations is historical or nearreal-time information that uses artificial intelligence; in response tothe analysis, detecting a trigger, wherein the trigger comprisesreaching one or more thresholds associated with the informationassociated with the plurality of user equipment or the informationassociated with the plurality of base stations; and based on thetrigger, sending an alert to one or more of the plurality of userequipment, wherein the alert indicates a modification of a configurationof an antenna of the one or more of the plurality of user equipment, ororchestrating movement of a component of each of the plurality of basestations, movement of each of the plurality of base stations, orconfiguration of an antenna of the one or more of the plurality of userequipment. The information may include a wireless standard, type ofantenna, type of user equipment, model of user equipment, operatingsystem of user equipment, or minimum throughput of user equipment foreach of the plurality of user equipment. The information associated withthe plurality of base stations may include type of each of the pluralityof base stations, available bandwidth of each of the plurality of basestations, location of each of the plurality of base stations, radiocoverage of each of the plurality of base stations, component movementcapability of each of the plurality of base stations, or base stationmovement capability of each of the plurality of base stations. Theapplication information may include type of application, quality ofservice requirement of application, or minimum bandwidth threshold orpreferred bandwidth threshold while using each application on each ofthe plurality of user equipment. The information may include applicationinformation for each of the plurality of user equipment. The movementhorizontally may be when the antenna or base station move along a railsystem or using wheels. The base station movement capability comprisesantenna or base station movement horizontally. The component movementcapability comprises antenna radial movement or vertical movement alongan approximately stationary Z-axis. A subset of the plurality of basestations are drones or intent of things devices.

The invention claimed is:
 1. A system comprising: one or moreprocessors; and memory coupled with the one or more processors, thememory comprising executable instructions that when executed by the oneor more processors cause the one or more processors to effectuateoperations comprising: receiving information associated with a pluralityof user equipment, wherein the information comprises locationinformation for each of the plurality of user equipment; receivinginformation associated with a plurality of base stations in proximity tothe plurality of user equipment; analyzing the information associatedwith the plurality of user equipment or the information associated withthe plurality of base stations, wherein the analysis of the informationassociated with the plurality of user equipment or the informationassociated with the plurality of base stations is historical or nearreal-time information that uses artificial intelligence; in response tothe analysis, detecting a trigger, wherein the trigger comprisesreaching one or more thresholds associated with the informationassociated with the plurality of user equipment or the informationassociated with the plurality of base stations; and based on thetrigger: sending an alert to one or more of the plurality of userequipment, wherein the alert indicates a modification of a configurationof an antenna of the one or more of the plurality of user equipment, ororchestrating movement of a component of each of the plurality of basestations.
 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the information associatedwith the plurality of user equipment comprises a minimum throughput ofuser equipment for each of the plurality of user equipment.
 3. Thesystem of claim 1, wherein the information associated with the pluralityof base stations comprises base station movement capability of each ofthe plurality of base stations.
 4. The system of claim 1, wherein theplurality of base stations comprises drones or internet of thingsdevices.
 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the movement of the componentcomprises antenna radial movement or vertical movement along anapproximately stationary Z-axis.
 6. The system of claim 1, wherein theinformation associated with the plurality of base stations comprisesbase station movement capability of each of the plurality of basestations, and wherein the base station movement capability comprisesantenna or base station movement horizontally.
 7. The system of claim 6,wherein the movement horizontally is when the antenna or base stationmove along a rail system or using wheels.
 8. The system of claim 1,wherein the information associated with the plurality of user equipmentcomprises application information for each of the plurality of userequipment.
 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the application informationcomprises a type of application.
 10. A computer-implemented methodcomprising: receiving information associated with a plurality of userequipment, wherein the information comprises location information foreach of the plurality of user equipment; receiving informationassociated with a plurality of base stations in proximity to theplurality of user equipment; analyzing the information associated withthe plurality of user equipment or the information associated with theplurality of base stations, wherein the analysis of the informationassociated with the plurality of user equipment or the informationassociated with the plurality of base stations is historical or nearreal-time information that uses artificial intelligence; in response tothe analysis, detecting a trigger, wherein the trigger comprisesreaching one or more thresholds associated with the informationassociated with the plurality of user equipment or the informationassociated with the plurality of base stations; and based on thetrigger: sending an alert to one or more of the plurality of userequipment, wherein the alert indicates a modification of a configurationof an antenna of the one or more of the plurality of user equipment, ororchestrating movement of a component of each of the plurality of basestations.
 11. The computer-implemented method of claim 10, wherein theinformation associated with the plurality of user equipment comprisesminimum throughput of user equipment for each of the plurality of userequipment.
 12. The computer-implemented method of claim 10, wherein theinformation associated with the plurality of base stations comprisesbase station movement capability of each of the plurality of basestations.
 13. The computer-implemented method of claim 10, wherein theplurality of base stations comprises drones or internet of thingsdevices.
 14. The computer-implemented method of claim 10, wherein themovement of the component comprises antenna radial movement or verticalmovement along an approximately stationary Z-axis.
 15. Thecomputer-implemented method of claim 10, wherein the informationassociated with the plurality of base stations comprises base stationmovement capability of each of the plurality of base stations, andwherein the base station movement capability comprises antenna or basestation movement horizontally.
 16. The computer-implemented method ofclaim 15, wherein the movement horizontally is when the antenna or basestation move along a rail system or using wheels.
 17. Thecomputer-implemented method of claim 10, wherein the informationassociated with the plurality of user equipment comprises applicationinformation for each of the plurality of user equipment.
 18. Thecomputer-implemented method of claim 17, wherein the applicationinformation comprises a type of application.
 19. A non-transitorycomputer-readable storage medium storing executable instructions that,when executed by a processor, cause said processor to effectuateoperations comprising: receiving information associated with a pluralityof user equipment, wherein the information comprises locationinformation for each of the plurality of user equipment; receivinginformation associated with a plurality of base stations in proximity tothe plurality of user equipment; analyzing the information associatedwith the plurality of user equipment or the information associated withthe plurality of base stations, wherein the analysis of the informationassociated with the plurality of user equipment or the informationassociated with the plurality of base stations is historical or nearreal-time information that uses artificial intelligence; in response tothe analysis, detecting a trigger, wherein the trigger comprisesreaching one or more thresholds associated with the informationassociated with the plurality of user equipment or the informationassociated with the plurality of base stations; and based on thetrigger: sending an alert to one or more of the plurality of userequipment, wherein the alert indicates a modification of a configurationof an antenna of the one or more of the plurality of user equipment, ororchestrating movement of a component of each of the plurality of basestations.
 20. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium ofclaim 19, wherein the information associated with the plurality of basestations comprises base station movement capability of each of theplurality of base stations.